Increasing Resource Efficiency in the Recycling of Lithium-ion Batteries Through Advanced Mechanical Processing
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (12/2024)
In the future, large quantities of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will be sent for recycling. Currently, recycling processes focus on high recovery of the black mass and its valuable components such as nickel and cobalt. However, this results in high losses of other materials contained in the batteries, such as aluminum.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (12/2024)
In the future, large quantities of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will be sent for recycling. Currently, recycling processes focus on high recovery of the black mass and its valuable components such as nickel and cobalt. However, this results in high losses of other materials contained in the batteries, such as aluminum.
Limits and Challenges of the Calculation and Verification of the Recycling Efficiency of Lithium-ion Batteries posed by the new European Battery Regulation
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (12/2024)
The new European Battery Regulation, introduced as part of the EU's Green Deal, presents significant challenges and changes in recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIB). This regulation not only raises the general recycling efficiency quotas from 50 % to 65 % by 2027 and 70% by 2030 but also sets specific recycling efficiency requirements for cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lithium (Li), and nickel (Ni) at the elemental level.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (12/2024)
The new European Battery Regulation, introduced as part of the EU's Green Deal, presents significant challenges and changes in recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIB). This regulation not only raises the general recycling efficiency quotas from 50 % to 65 % by 2027 and 70% by 2030 but also sets specific recycling efficiency requirements for cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lithium (Li), and nickel (Ni) at the elemental level.
The LIB Recycling Challenge – Pathways Achieving Efficiency Rates
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (12/2024)
The new European Battery Regulation introduces both advantages and challenges for the recycling of lithium-ion batteries. Accordingly, it mandates that a minimum of 70 % of the average weight of lithium batteries must be recycled by the end of 2030.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (12/2024)
The new European Battery Regulation introduces both advantages and challenges for the recycling of lithium-ion batteries. Accordingly, it mandates that a minimum of 70 % of the average weight of lithium batteries must be recycled by the end of 2030.
Digital Product Passport: Enabling Sustainable Supply Chain Management for Electric Vehicle Batteries
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (12/2024)
The circular economy is a transformative approach that aims to decouple economic growth from linear resource consumption, thereby promoting environmental sustainability and resource efficiency.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (12/2024)
The circular economy is a transformative approach that aims to decouple economic growth from linear resource consumption, thereby promoting environmental sustainability and resource efficiency.
Towards closed material cycles in lithium-ion batteries and PV systems: a sustainable resource approach
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (12/2024)
This paper examines the critical role of recycling in the sustainable management of photovoltaic (PV) modules and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are fundamental to the global transition to renewable energy supply.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (12/2024)
This paper examines the critical role of recycling in the sustainable management of photovoltaic (PV) modules and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are fundamental to the global transition to renewable energy supply.
Interrelationships between pre-processing and subsequent procedures in the recycling of lithium-ion batteries
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2022)
The recycling of lithium-ion batteries is currently a very present topic in the field of research but also in the industry. New developments for the recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs indicate a clear trend towards hydrometallurgical concepts. In this context, especially the pre-treatment plays an essential role.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2022)
The recycling of lithium-ion batteries is currently a very present topic in the field of research but also in the industry. New developments for the recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs indicate a clear trend towards hydrometallurgical concepts. In this context, especially the pre-treatment plays an essential role.
Oxide-based lithium solid-state batteries from a recycling perspective
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2022)
Access to cheap and clean energy is key to our society's prosperity (Smalley, 2005). Therefore, electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies are paramount for the energy transition to combat climate change. Ever since the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by Sony in the 1990s (Nagaura 1990), LIBs have proven to be reliable and efficient in terms of lifetime and energy as well as power density (Janek & Zeier 2016). LIBs with intercalation cathode active material (CAM), liquid electrolyte, and graphite anode have dominated the battery market since their introduction.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2022)
Access to cheap and clean energy is key to our society's prosperity (Smalley, 2005). Therefore, electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies are paramount for the energy transition to combat climate change. Ever since the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by Sony in the 1990s (Nagaura 1990), LIBs have proven to be reliable and efficient in terms of lifetime and energy as well as power density (Janek & Zeier 2016). LIBs with intercalation cathode active material (CAM), liquid electrolyte, and graphite anode have dominated the battery market since their introduction.
FuLIBatteR – Future Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling for Recovery of
Critical Raw Materials
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2022)
Global crises, like the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic, and dependency on the economic situation on raw material markets, as well as unexpected issues in global supply chains, such as the Suez Canal obstruction by a large container ship, intensify the efforts of local production and consequently, of sufficient raw material supply as well as regional solutions for recycling. Unfortunately, the raw materials for producing our daily life goods and things for saving the living standard are not evenly distributed worldwide (European Commission, 2022; Olivetti, Gaustad, & Fu, 2017).
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2022)
Global crises, like the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic, and dependency on the economic situation on raw material markets, as well as unexpected issues in global supply chains, such as the Suez Canal obstruction by a large container ship, intensify the efforts of local production and consequently, of sufficient raw material supply as well as regional solutions for recycling. Unfortunately, the raw materials for producing our daily life goods and things for saving the living standard are not evenly distributed worldwide (European Commission, 2022; Olivetti, Gaustad, & Fu, 2017).
Assessing the Raw Material Availability in the Circular Economy of
Lithium-Ion Traction Batteries
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2022)
Political efforts at the federal and European level are directed against climate change. Industries with high pollutant emissions are coming under increasing regulatory pressure due to stricter provisions in legislation. These regulations are a major driver for the increasing degree of electrification in the vehicle market (Pischinger & Seiffert 2016, Korthauer 2013). By using renewable energy sources to generate electricity, road transport can not only be locally emission free, but also without the consumption of fossil raw materials.
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2022)
Political efforts at the federal and European level are directed against climate change. Industries with high pollutant emissions are coming under increasing regulatory pressure due to stricter provisions in legislation. These regulations are a major driver for the increasing degree of electrification in the vehicle market (Pischinger & Seiffert 2016, Korthauer 2013). By using renewable energy sources to generate electricity, road transport can not only be locally emission free, but also without the consumption of fossil raw materials.
Recovery of Critical Metals from Rinsing Water by Zero-Valent Iron
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2014)
Raw materials, which are of great economic importance, but for which the risk of supply bottlenecks is valid, are considered as “critical”. Others, where this risk might occur due to market changes are called “potentially critical” (FFG 2012). The following metals are defined as (potentially) critical raw materials either by the EU or by the FFG: Be, Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Cr, Al, Ga, In, rare earth elements (REE), Ge, Sb, Nb, Ta, W, V, Mo, platinum group elements (PGE).
© Lehrstuhl fĂĽr Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben (11/2014)
Raw materials, which are of great economic importance, but for which the risk of supply bottlenecks is valid, are considered as “critical”. Others, where this risk might occur due to market changes are called “potentially critical” (FFG 2012). The following metals are defined as (potentially) critical raw materials either by the EU or by the FFG: Be, Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Cr, Al, Ga, In, rare earth elements (REE), Ge, Sb, Nb, Ta, W, V, Mo, platinum group elements (PGE).
